Answer the questions below to find matching vulnerability and fragility functions. Click any result to open that database tab directly.
Step 1 — Select peril
Step 2 — Occupancy
Step 3 — Structural type
Step 4 — Height class
Flood Vulnerability
Hazus 6.1 — depth-damage vulnerability functions. Damage ratio (0 to 1) vs flood depth. Source: FEMA Hazus 6.1.
Broad building use type
Specific building subtype
What is being damaged
Unique Hazus curve identifier
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Broad building use type
Specific building subtype
What is being damaged
Unique Hazus curve identifier
Select a function ID to display
Data values
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)
Damage ratio
Damage (%)
Wind Vulnerability
Hazus 6.1 — 39 specific building types. Damage ratio vs wind speed. Native: 3-second peak gust at 10 m, open terrain. 1-minute derived using factor 1.28.
Construction material
Building use category
Number of storeys
Specific building type code
What is being damaged
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Construction material
Building use category
Number of storeys
Specific building type code
What is being damaged
Select a building type to display
Averaging period
Unit
Data values
3-sec gust (m/s)
1-min (m/s)
km/h
mph
Damage ratio
Damage (%)
Earthquake Fragility
Hazus-MH — lognormal fragility vulnerability functions. Probability of reaching each damage state vs PGA. Beta = 0.64. Source: Hazus-MH Technical Manual Table 5.16a-d.
Construction material
Number of storeys
Hazus structural classification
Seismic code era and zone
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Construction material
Number of storeys
Hazus structural classification
Seismic code era and zone
Select building type and design level
Data values
PGA (g)
PGA (m/s²)
Slight
Moderate
Extensive
Complete
Utility Fragility
Hazus-MH Section 8 utility fragility functions. Probability of reaching each damage state vs PGA, with state-specific beta values. Source: Hazus 4.2 SP3 utility fragility tables.
Utility system category
Utility facility class
Anchored or unanchored condition
Specific Hazus utility curve
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Utility system category
Utility facility class
Anchored or unanchored condition
Specific Hazus utility curve
Select a utility curve
Data values
PGA (g)
PGA (m/s²)
Slight
Moderate
Extensive
Complete
GEM Global Earthquake Vulnerability Functions
Global Earthquake Model Foundation — 54,940 functions across 215 countries. PGA vs mean loss ratio. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Cite: Martins & Silva (2023).
World region
Filter by country
Construction material
Building use
Damage component
Type taxonomy, country or material
2Curve 2 — independent selection
World region
Filter by country
Construction material
Building use
Damage component
Type to search taxonomy
Select a function
Data values
PGA (g)
PGA (m/s²)
Mean loss ratio
Loss (%)
JRC Global Flood Depth-Damage Functions
EU Joint Research Centre — globally consistent depth-damage curves for 6 continents and 5 asset classes. Cite: Huizinga et al. (2017), EUR 28552 EN.
Type of asset
Geographic region
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Type of asset
Geographic region
Select asset class and continent
Data values
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)
Mean damage ratio
Damage (%)
ETRiS Tsunami Vulnerability Curves
European Tsunami Risk Service — 165 empirical vulnerability curves from 6 historical tsunami events. Flow depth vs damage ratio with 16th, median and 84th percentile bands. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Cite: Jalayer et al. (2023).
Tsunami event
Structural classification
Regression fit (3 models per curve)
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Tsunami event
Structural classification
Regression fit
Select an event and building type
Data values
Depth (m)
Median
16th pct
84th pct
Median (%)
ESRM20 European Seismic Fragility Functions
European Seismic Risk Model 2020 — 511 lognormal fragility functions for European building typologies. Probability of reaching each damage state vs intensity measure. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Cite: Crowley et al. (2021), EFEHR Technical Report 002.
Construction material
Structural system
Number of storeys
Seismic design ductility class
Override recommended IMT
Building typology code
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Construction material
Structural system
Number of storeys
Seismic design ductility class
Building typology code
Select a building typology
Data values
IM
Slight
Moderate
Extensive
Complete
Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability
Nirandjan et al. (2024) — 594 fragility and vulnerability curves for energy, transport, water, waste, telecom and health & education infrastructure. Covering flood, earthquake, wind and landslide hazards. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Natural hazard type
Infrastructure sector
Infrastructure asset
Select specific curve
2Curve 2 — independent selection
Natural hazard type
Infrastructure sector
Infrastructure asset
Select specific curve
Select a hazard and asset type
Wind speed: 10-minute mean at 10 m above ground (V10m)
Data values
IM
Value
%
Vulnerability Curve Finder
Select your hazard, asset type and region to find the most appropriate vulnerability functions available in this tool.